Overview of space positioning and navigation systems; GPS Segments, concepts and principle of space intersection, Characteristics of GNSS signal, Characteristics of Single and Dual frequency Receivers; Dilution of precision in GPS measurements, sources of error in GNSS and biases; atmospheric delays, signal reflection and countermeasures. Mathematical models for static and differential positioning. Kinematic and real time mode of GPS operations, GPS Data Post Processing, Land, marine, airborne and indoor applications, Case studies.

• Text / References:
• Introduction to GPS, Ahmed El-Rabbany, Artech House, 2002
• Global Positioning System: theory and practice, Hofman-Wellenhof. B., Wein Springer 2001
• GPS land Navigation, Michael Ferguson, Cordee, 1998.
• Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, Norwood, M.A. Artech House, 1990